Fig. 6

Transcriptomic analysis of bacterial gene expression in patients with SPN, HFLU, or MCAT detected by culture. A Gene expression levels of all SPN, HFLU, and MCAT genes (Y axis) across patients (X axis). Above the heatmap, patient samples have been ordered based on presence/absence of SPN, HFLU, and MCAT as detected by culture. The heatmaps reveal broad expression across the SPN, HFLU, and MCAT transcriptomes with high relative expression associated with bacteria-positive patients as expected. B Scatterplots of mean expression levels for individual HFLU, SPN, and MCAT genes across all HFLU, SPN, and MCAT positive patients, respectively. Genes with high relative expression (i.e., above the 75.th percentile) were investigated further and associated primarily with translation (ribosomal genes, colored blue) as well as genes encoding virulence factors (colored red)