Fig. 3

Stroke volume: one-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis of the effect of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) on stroke volume (SV). We have investigated the overall trait effect using univariable MR and have conducted multivariable analyses of pathway-partitioned instruments (informed by Mendelian disease with abnormalities in the renal or blood vessel system) and multivariable analyses of tissue-partitioned genetic instruments (informed by evidence for genetic colocalization with gene expression “nephro” (kidney tissues: glomerular and tubulointerstitial) and “artery” (aorta and coronary artery tissues) instruments). Effect sizes are scaled to per one SD change in blood pressure